Cap Rate Calculator
Calculate capitalization rate for any rental property. Enter price, rent, vacancy and expenses to see cap rate instantly.
Compare property yields across any market instantlyTry: Property price=300000, Monthly rent=2000, Vacancy rate=8, Operating expenses / month=300
How to Use
Enter the property price, expected monthly rent, vacancy rate and monthly operating expenses. The calculator computes net operating income (NOI) and divides it by the price to give you the cap rate. Cap rate is the primary metric for comparing investment properties regardless of financing.
Operating expenses include taxes, insurance, maintenance, management and reserves — but not mortgage payments. Cap rate measures the property's yield independent of how you finance it.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is a good cap rate?
Cap rates vary by market. In expensive coastal cities, 4–6% may be typical. In Midwest and Southern markets, 7–10% is common. A higher cap rate generally means higher return but also higher risk or a less desirable location.
Should I include mortgage in cap rate?
No. Cap rate intentionally excludes financing costs. It measures the property's unleveraged return. To see how your mortgage affects returns, use the cash-on-cash calculator instead.
How is cap rate different from cash-on-cash return?
Cap rate divides NOI by property price (total value). Cash-on-cash divides annual cash flow by the cash you actually invested (down payment + closing). Cap rate is financing-independent; cash-on-cash reflects your specific deal.
Can cap rate be negative?
Yes, if operating expenses exceed gross rent. A negative cap rate means the property loses money before mortgage — a strong warning sign. Verify your expense estimates carefully.
Rental Market Data by State
Real market data across all 50 states. Click each section to expand.
All 50 States — Rent, Vacancy & Tax Overview
| State | Avg Rent | Vacancy | Tax Rate |
|---|---|---|---|
| Alabama | $1300 | 9% | 0.40% |
| Alaska | $1500 | 10% | 1.18% |
| Arizona | $1700 | 8% | 0.55% |
| Arkansas | $1100 | 9% | 0.62% |
| California | $2800 | 5% | 0.74% |
| Colorado | $1900 | 6% | 0.49% |
| Connecticut | $1800 | 6% | 1.96% |
| Delaware | $1500 | 7% | 0.43% |
| Florida | $2000 | 8% | 0.80% |
| Georgia | $1600 | 8% | 0.83% |
| Hawaii | $2500 | 6% | 0.27% |
| Idaho | $1400 | 6% | 0.55% |
| Illinois | $1600 | 8% | 1.97% |
| Indiana | $1200 | 8% | 0.85% |
| Iowa | $1100 | 7% | 1.43% |
| Kansas | $1100 | 8% | 1.29% |
| Kentucky | $1200 | 8% | 0.83% |
| Louisiana | $1300 | 9% | 0.51% |
| Maine | $1400 | 7% | 1.09% |
| Maryland | $1900 | 7% | 1.04% |
| Massachusetts | $2300 | 5% | 1.04% |
| Michigan | $1400 | 8% | 1.40% |
| Minnesota | $1500 | 6% | 1.05% |
| Mississippi | $1100 | 9% | 0.79% |
| Missouri | $1200 | 8% | 0.88% |
| Montana | $1300 | 6% | 0.83% |
| Nebraska | $1200 | 7% | 1.54% |
| Nevada | $1600 | 7% | 0.53% |
| New Hampshire | $1700 | 5% | 1.86% |
| New Jersey | $2000 | 6% | 2.13% |
| New Mexico | $1400 | 8% | 0.73% |
| New York | $2200 | 6% | 1.38% |
| North Carolina | $1500 | 8% | 0.75% |
| North Dakota | $1100 | 8% | 0.90% |
| Ohio | $1300 | 8% | 1.41% |
| Oklahoma | $1100 | 9% | 0.85% |
| Oregon | $1700 | 6% | 0.82% |
| Pennsylvania | $1500 | 7% | 1.36% |
| Rhode Island | $1800 | 6% | 1.35% |
| South Carolina | $1400 | 9% | 0.52% |
| South Dakota | $1100 | 8% | 1.14% |
| Tennessee | $1400 | 8% | 0.64% |
| Texas | $1700 | 8% | 1.60% |
| Utah | $1600 | 5% | 0.55% |
| Vermont | $1500 | 6% | 1.59% |
| Virginia | $1800 | 6% | 0.74% |
| Washington | $2000 | 6% | 0.88% |
| West Virginia | $1000 | 9% | 0.53% |
| Wisconsin | $1300 | 7% | 1.68% |
| Wyoming | $1200 | 7% | 0.55% |
High-Rent, High-Yield Markets (4 states)
- California — $2800/mo, 5% vac, 0.74% tax
- Florida — $2000/mo, 8% vac, 0.80% tax
- Hawaii — $2500/mo, 6% vac, 0.27% tax
- Washington — $2000/mo, 6% vac, 0.88% tax
California rental snapshot
| California typical monthly rent | $2800 |
| California vacancy allowance | 5% |
| California average effective property tax rate | 0.74% |
| California estimated monthly property tax on 300000 | $185 |
| California effective monthly rent after vacancy | $2660 |
| California net operating income per month | $2175 |
| California cap rate at 300000 | 8.70% |
California cap rate by home price
| $231100 | 11.51% |
| $294100 | 8.89% |
| $357200 | 7.19% |
| $420200 | 6.00% |
| $483200 | 5.12% |
| $546200 | 4.44% |
| $609300 | 3.91% |
| $672300 | 3.47% |
| $735300 | 3.11% |
California cap rate by monthly rent
| $1610 | 4.18% |
| $1775 | 4.81% |
| $1940 | 5.43% |
| $2105 | 6.06% |
| $2270 | 6.69% |
| $2435 | 7.31% |
| $2600 | 7.94% |
| $2765 | 8.57% |
| $2930 | 9.19% |
| $3095 | 9.82% |
California example: rent $2800, vacancy 5%, tax 0.74%. Net operating income $2175/month on a 300000 price gives a cap rate of 8.70%.
Sun Belt Growth States (8 states)
- Arizona — $1700/mo, 8% vac, 0.55% tax
- Florida — $2000/mo, 8% vac, 0.80% tax
- Georgia — $1600/mo, 8% vac, 0.83% tax
- Nevada — $1600/mo, 7% vac, 0.53% tax
- North Carolina — $1500/mo, 8% vac, 0.75% tax
- South Carolina — $1400/mo, 9% vac, 0.52% tax
- Tennessee — $1400/mo, 8% vac, 0.64% tax
- Texas — $1700/mo, 8% vac, 1.60% tax
Arizona rental snapshot
| Arizona typical monthly rent | $1700 |
| Arizona vacancy allowance | 8% |
| Arizona average effective property tax rate | 0.55% |
| Arizona estimated monthly property tax on 300000 | $138 |
| Arizona effective monthly rent after vacancy | $1564 |
| Arizona net operating income per month | $1127 |
| Arizona cap rate at 300000 | 4.51% |
Arizona cap rate by home price
| $127400 | 11.36% |
| $162100 | 8.81% |
| $196800 | 7.16% |
| $231600 | 6.00% |
| $266300 | 5.15% |
| $301000 | 4.49% |
| $335800 | 3.97% |
| $370500 | 3.54% |
| $405300 | 3.19% |
Arizona cap rate by monthly rent
| $1530 | 3.88% |
| $1690 | 4.47% |
| $1845 | 5.04% |
| $2000 | 5.61% |
| $2160 | 6.20% |
| $2315 | 6.77% |
| $2475 | 7.36% |
| $2630 | 7.93% |
| $2790 | 8.52% |
| $2945 | 9.09% |
Arizona example: rent $1700, vacancy 8%, tax 0.55%. Net operating income $1127/month on a 300000 price gives a cap rate of 4.51%.
Midwest Cash-Flow Kings (10 states)
- Illinois — $1600/mo, 8% vac, 1.97% tax
- Indiana — $1200/mo, 8% vac, 0.85% tax
- Iowa — $1100/mo, 7% vac, 1.43% tax
- Kansas — $1100/mo, 8% vac, 1.29% tax
- Michigan — $1400/mo, 8% vac, 1.40% tax
- Minnesota — $1500/mo, 6% vac, 1.05% tax
- Missouri — $1200/mo, 8% vac, 0.88% tax
- Nebraska — $1200/mo, 7% vac, 1.54% tax
- Ohio — $1300/mo, 8% vac, 1.41% tax
- Wisconsin — $1300/mo, 7% vac, 1.68% tax
Illinois rental snapshot
| Illinois typical monthly rent | $1600 |
| Illinois vacancy allowance | 8% |
| Illinois average effective property tax rate | 1.97% |
| Illinois estimated monthly property tax on 300000 | $493 |
| Illinois effective monthly rent after vacancy | $1472 |
| Illinois net operating income per month | $680 |
| Illinois cap rate at 300000 | 2.72% |
Illinois cap rate by home price
| $97100 | 12.51% |
| $123500 | 9.42% |
| $150000 | 7.41% |
| $176500 | 6.00% |
| $202900 | 4.96% |
| $229400 | 4.16% |
| $255900 | 3.53% |
| $282300 | 3.01% |
| $308800 | 2.58% |
Illinois cap rate by monthly rent
| $1685 | 3.03% |
| $1860 | 3.67% |
| $2035 | 4.32% |
| $2205 | 4.94% |
| $2380 | 5.59% |
| $2550 | 6.21% |
| $2725 | 6.86% |
| $2900 | 7.50% |
| $3070 | 8.13% |
| $3245 | 8.77% |
Illinois example: rent $1600, vacancy 8%, tax 1.97%. Net operating income $680/month on a 300000 price gives a cap rate of 2.72%.
High-Tax, High-Compliance States (14 states)
- Connecticut — $1800/mo, 6% vac, 1.96% tax
- Illinois — $1600/mo, 8% vac, 1.97% tax
- Iowa — $1100/mo, 7% vac, 1.43% tax
- Michigan — $1400/mo, 8% vac, 1.40% tax
- Nebraska — $1200/mo, 7% vac, 1.54% tax
- New Hampshire — $1700/mo, 5% vac, 1.86% tax
- New Jersey — $2000/mo, 6% vac, 2.13% tax
- New York — $2200/mo, 6% vac, 1.38% tax
- Ohio — $1300/mo, 8% vac, 1.41% tax
- Pennsylvania — $1500/mo, 7% vac, 1.36% tax
- Rhode Island — $1800/mo, 6% vac, 1.35% tax
- Texas — $1700/mo, 8% vac, 1.60% tax
- Vermont — $1500/mo, 6% vac, 1.59% tax
- Wisconsin — $1300/mo, 7% vac, 1.68% tax
Connecticut rental snapshot
| Connecticut typical monthly rent | $1800 |
| Connecticut vacancy allowance | 6% |
| Connecticut average effective property tax rate | 1.96% |
| Connecticut estimated monthly property tax on 300000 | $490 |
| Connecticut effective monthly rent after vacancy | $1692 |
| Connecticut net operating income per month | $902 |
| Connecticut cap rate at 300000 | 3.61% |
Connecticut cap rate by home price
| $115400 | 12.51% |
| $146900 | 9.41% |
| $178400 | 7.40% |
| $209800 | 6.00% |
| $241300 | 4.96% |
| $272800 | 4.16% |
| $304300 | 3.53% |
| $335800 | 3.01% |
| $367200 | 2.59% |
Connecticut cap rate by monthly rent
| $1695 | 3.21% |
| $1870 | 3.87% |
| $2045 | 4.53% |
| $2215 | 5.17% |
| $2390 | 5.83% |
| $2565 | 6.48% |
| $2740 | 7.14% |
| $2910 | 7.78% |
| $3085 | 8.44% |
| $3260 | 9.10% |
Connecticut example: rent $1800, vacancy 6%, tax 1.96%. Net operating income $902/month on a 300000 price gives a cap rate of 3.61%.
State Landlord Laws — Featured States
Operating rules that sit inside the Alabama yield
| Statute to cite | Ala. Code §35-9A-201 |
| Security deposit ceiling | No statutory cap |
| Disclosures the lease must carry | Lead-based paint (homes built before 1978) |
| Refund deadline after move-out | 35 days |
| Late fee rule | Must be reasonable (no statutory %) |
Alabama sets no statutory cap on security deposits. Landlords must return the deposit within 35 days after move-out, with an itemized list of any deductions.
Yield ignores your loan, so the only house rules that move it are the ones touching operating cost. Whatever the ceiling above will not cover at turnover gets paid out of net operating income — never by the tenant who left.
Who decides the value your yield is divided by
Nobody negotiates a yield with the assessor, yet the assessor fixes the tax line buried inside it. Jefferson County keeps the busiest valuation roll in Alabama, and its millage decisions ripple into every pro forma written locally. The statewide average lands at 0.40% of value, ranking Alabama number 49 of fifty for tax weight here. Shift a parcel one jurisdiction over and that single line can move the result by half a point.
Valuation rolls worth pulling before you write an offer
- Birmingham sits on its own valuation roll — ask for the assessed figure before you argue the asking price is fair.
- Montgomery reassesses after a sale often enough that last year millage is a poor guide to next year bill.
- Huntsville publishes parcel records you can search by address, which beats guessing at the tax line.
- Mobile has appeal windows that close quickly, so diary the deadline the moment you close.
Averages are orientation only. Pull live millage from the Jefferson County assessor, or from whichever county holds your parcel, before trusting any figure on this page.
Operating rules that sit inside the Alaska yield
| Statute to cite | AS 34.03.070 |
| Security deposit ceiling | No statutory cap |
| Disclosures the lease must carry | Lead-based paint (pre-1978) |
| Refund deadline after move-out | 14 days |
| Late fee rule | Reasonable fees only |
Alaska has no statutory deposit cap. With a written lease the deposit must be returned within 14 days; without a lease, within 30 days.
Yield ignores your loan, so the only house rules that move it are the ones touching operating cost. Whatever the ceiling above will not cover at turnover gets paid out of net operating income — never by the tenant who left.
Who decides the value your yield is divided by
Nobody negotiates a yield with the assessor, yet the assessor fixes the tax line buried inside it. Matanuska-Susitna Borough keeps the busiest valuation roll in Alaska, and its millage decisions ripple into every pro forma written locally. The statewide average lands at 1.18% of value, ranking Alaska number 16 of fifty for tax weight here. Shift a parcel one jurisdiction over and that single line can move the result by half a point.
Valuation rolls worth pulling before you write an offer
- Anchorage sits on its own valuation roll — ask for the assessed figure before you argue the asking price is fair.
- Fairbanks reassesses after a sale often enough that last year millage is a poor guide to next year bill.
- Juneau publishes parcel records you can search by address, which beats guessing at the tax line.
- Wasilla has appeal windows that close quickly, so diary the deadline the moment you close.
Averages are orientation only. Pull live millage from the Matanuska-Susitna Borough assessor, or from whichever borough holds your parcel, before trusting any figure on this page.
Operating rules that sit inside the Arizona yield
| Statute to cite | Ariz. Rev. Stat. §33-1321 |
| Security deposit ceiling | No statutory cap |
| Disclosures the lease must carry | Lead-based paint (pre-1978) |
| Refund deadline after move-out | 14 days |
| Late fee rule | No statutory limit |
Arizona imposes no cap on deposit size. The landlord must return it within 14 days of termination, with an itemized statement of deductions.
Yield ignores your loan, so the only house rules that move it are the ones touching operating cost. Whatever the ceiling above will not cover at turnover gets paid out of net operating income — never by the tenant who left.
Who decides the value your yield is divided by
Nobody negotiates a yield with the assessor, yet the assessor fixes the tax line buried inside it. Maricopa County keeps the busiest valuation roll in Arizona, and its millage decisions ripple into every pro forma written locally. The statewide average lands at 0.55% of value, ranking Arizona number 39 of fifty for tax weight here. Shift a parcel one jurisdiction over and that single line can move the result by half a point.
Valuation rolls worth pulling before you write an offer
- Phoenix sits on its own valuation roll — ask for the assessed figure before you argue the asking price is fair.
- Tucson reassesses after a sale often enough that last year millage is a poor guide to next year bill.
- Mesa publishes parcel records you can search by address, which beats guessing at the tax line.
- Chandler has appeal windows that close quickly, so diary the deadline the moment you close.
Averages are orientation only. Pull live millage from the Maricopa County assessor, or from whichever county holds your parcel, before trusting any figure on this page.
Operating rules that sit inside the Arkansas yield
| Statute to cite | Ark. Code Ann. §18-16-101 |
| Security deposit ceiling | No statutory cap |
| Disclosures the lease must carry | Lead-based paint (pre-1978) |
| Refund deadline after move-out | 30 days |
| Late fee rule | No statutory limit |
Arkansas has no statutory deposit cap and limited statewide lease regulation. Deposits are returned within 30 days after the tenancy ends.
Yield ignores your loan, so the only house rules that move it are the ones touching operating cost. Whatever the ceiling above will not cover at turnover gets paid out of net operating income — never by the tenant who left.
Who decides the value your yield is divided by
Nobody negotiates a yield with the assessor, yet the assessor fixes the tax line buried inside it. Pulaski County keeps the busiest valuation roll in Arkansas, and its millage decisions ripple into every pro forma written locally. The statewide average lands at 0.62% of value, ranking Arkansas number 38 of fifty for tax weight here. Shift a parcel one jurisdiction over and that single line can move the result by half a point.
Valuation rolls worth pulling before you write an offer
- Little Rock sits on its own valuation roll — ask for the assessed figure before you argue the asking price is fair.
- Fort Smith reassesses after a sale often enough that last year millage is a poor guide to next year bill.
- Fayetteville publishes parcel records you can search by address, which beats guessing at the tax line.
- Springdale has appeal windows that close quickly, so diary the deadline the moment you close.
Averages are orientation only. Pull live millage from the Pulaski County assessor, or from whichever county holds your parcel, before trusting any figure on this page.
Operating rules that sit inside the California yield
| Statute to cite | Cal. Civ. Code §§1940–1954, 1950.5 |
| Security deposit ceiling | ≤2 months rent (unfurnished), ≤3 (furnished) |
| Disclosures the lease must carry | Lead-based paint (pre-1978); Megan's Law registry (if within 1/4 mile) |
| Refund deadline after move-out | 21 days |
| Late fee rule | Must be a reasonable estimate of actual costs |
California limits deposits to two months' rent for unfurnished units and three for furnished. The landlord must return it within 21 days with an itemized deduction list.
Yield ignores your loan, so the only house rules that move it are the ones touching operating cost. Whatever the ceiling above will not cover at turnover gets paid out of net operating income — never by the tenant who left.
Who decides the value your yield is divided by
Nobody negotiates a yield with the assessor, yet the assessor fixes the tax line buried inside it. Los Angeles County keeps the busiest valuation roll in California, and its millage decisions ripple into every pro forma written locally. The statewide average lands at 0.74% of value, ranking California number 34 of fifty for tax weight here. Shift a parcel one jurisdiction over and that single line can move the result by half a point.
Valuation rolls worth pulling before you write an offer
- Los Angeles sits on its own valuation roll — ask for the assessed figure before you argue the asking price is fair.
- San Diego reassesses after a sale often enough that last year millage is a poor guide to next year bill.
- San Jose publishes parcel records you can search by address, which beats guessing at the tax line.
- San Francisco has appeal windows that close quickly, so diary the deadline the moment you close.
Averages are orientation only. Pull live millage from the Los Angeles County assessor, or from whichever county holds your parcel, before trusting any figure on this page.
Operating rules that sit inside the Colorado yield
| Statute to cite | C.R.S. §38-12-101 |
| Security deposit ceiling | No statutory cap |
| Disclosures the lease must carry | Lead-based paint (pre-1978) |
| Refund deadline after move-out | 30 days |
| Late fee rule | Must be reasonable |
Colorado sets no statutory deposit cap. The deposit must be returned within 30 days, with an itemized list of any withholdings.
Yield ignores your loan, so the only house rules that move it are the ones touching operating cost. Whatever the ceiling above will not cover at turnover gets paid out of net operating income — never by the tenant who left.
Who decides the value your yield is divided by
Nobody negotiates a yield with the assessor, yet the assessor fixes the tax line buried inside it. Jefferson County keeps the busiest valuation roll in Colorado, and its millage decisions ripple into every pro forma written locally. The statewide average lands at 0.49% of value, ranking Colorado number 47 of fifty for tax weight here. Shift a parcel one jurisdiction over and that single line can move the result by half a point.
Valuation rolls worth pulling before you write an offer
- Denver sits on its own valuation roll — ask for the assessed figure before you argue the asking price is fair.
- Colorado Springs reassesses after a sale often enough that last year millage is a poor guide to next year bill.
- Aurora publishes parcel records you can search by address, which beats guessing at the tax line.
- Fort Collins has appeal windows that close quickly, so diary the deadline the moment you close.
Averages are orientation only. Pull live millage from the Jefferson County assessor, or from whichever county holds your parcel, before trusting any figure on this page.
Top 20 Cities for Rental Investors
| City | Avg Rent | State |
|---|---|---|
| New York | $3500 | NY |
| Los Angeles | $2800 | CA |
| Chicago | $2000 | IL |
| Houston | $1700 | TX |
| Phoenix | $1800 | AZ |
| Philadelphia | $1900 | PA |
| San Antonio | $1600 | TX |
| San Diego | $2900 | CA |
| Austin | $2000 | TX |
| Dallas | $1800 | TX |
| Jacksonville | $1600 | FL |
| Fort Worth | $1700 | TX |
| Columbus | $1500 | OH |
| Charlotte | $1700 | NC |
| Indianapolis | $1500 | IN |
| Seattle | $2400 | WA |
| Denver | $2100 | CO |
| Nashville | $1800 | TN |
| Boston | $3000 | MA |
| Las Vegas | $1700 | NV |